stroke, or cerebrovascular accident
It is a sudden and severe seizure in which a rupture or blockage occurs in a cerebral blood vessel, which cuts off blood flow in the brain to the area supplied by the blood vessel in which the blockage or rupture occurred, leading to loss of consciousness, paralysis, or a defect in the function of the part of the brain that occurred to it Ischemia.
The stroke is one of the most important causes of death around the world.
It is also considered a medical emergency, and the patient must receive urgent medical attention.
The cerebral stroke results in the rapid appearance of neurological symptoms within seconds to minutes of the occurrence of the stroke, and it is the largest and most widespread neurological disease in our time, and when a part of the brain is decreased completely or partially as a result of the stroke The part that has been affected by ischemia is inability to perform its proper functions. Because the oxygen and food loaded with blood to it have been cut off, which leads to the possibility of brain cell death, and the severity of symptoms and deficiencies varies according to the severity of the stroke, the percentage of obstruction or the amount of bleeding
Causes of stroke
There are various causes that lead to a stroke, including:
Blockage of small cerebral vessels. A blood clot coming from the carotid artery. A cerebral hemorrhage due to high pressure, head injury, bursting of an aneurysm, or from taking anticoagulant medication.
Risk factors for stroke
There are several factors that pose a risk to the possibility of a stroke, but these factors can be improved using treatment and improving the lifestyle to a healthier lifestyle, including:
High blood pressure. Smoking. Heart disease.
High cholesterol in the body. Alcohol intake. Peripheral vascular disease. obesity. Lack of exercise and lack of movement. Drug addiction.
Factors that increase the risk of infection and cannot be improved, including:
Previous experience of a transient stroke.
Previously, a family member had a stroke.
Aging Approximately 55 and over.
Ethnicity; Americans and Africans are more likely to have brain strokes.
Types of stroke
Since the causes that lead to the occurrence of a stroke are different, there are different types of stroke, which are:
Transient Ischemic Attack
It is the temporary occurrence of symptoms of a stroke due to lack of blood supply to a part of the brain; Because of the blockage of blood vessels by a thrombus, and this condition usually lasts for no more than five minutes, and the emergency room must be reviewed even if the symptoms disappeared, because this means the possibility of a stroke in the future. Ischemic Stroke:
About 85% of cerebral strokes are cerebral strokes resulting from ischemia of the brain, and this stroke occurs when the arteries of the brain are blocked or narrowed, which leads to the occurrence of ischemia in the part supplied by these arteries.
hemorrhagic stroke:
This clot occurs when one of the blood vessels in the brain is exposed to rupture, and bleeding from the blood vessel to the cerebral substance, and this condition occurs as a result of any cause that leads to the effect on the blood vessels, including: uncontrolled high blood pressure, excessive use of anticoagulants, or as a result Cerebral aneurysms.
Symptoms of a stroke
Symptoms of a stroke appear suddenly. It often develops within hours, and rarely continues for days, the symptoms appearing depend on the part of the affected brain and its function, and the symptoms that appear on the person are very important. Because when you pay attention to it, it can be the reason for saving this person by transporting him to the ambulance. Among these symptoms:
Problems with speech, comprehension and comprehension; For example, when the speech becomes heavy and the person does not understand the said speech.
Paralysis or numbness and the occurrence of orgasm of the limbs, usually on one side, and the mouth drooping when trying to smile.
Trouble seeing; For example, if the patient suffers from dark or blurred vision, or a doubling of the visual image in one or both eyes.
Trouble walking; Due to dizziness and a feeling of imbalance.
The patient may feel a severe headache.
If the person is in a place from which another person has experienced symptoms similar to the aforementioned; He can confirm these steps if the person has had a stroke or not, and he must take them quickly:
Arms: asking the patient to raise both of his arms, and noticing that one of them has fallen or the person is unable to lift one of the arms.
Hadith: Asking the patient to repeat a certain sentence and noting strangeness in speech, slowness or that his speech is incomprehensible.
Time: Time is a very important factor in stroke. If a person close to the patient notices or notices the symptoms of a stroke; You must call an ambulance and reach the emergency room as soon as possible.
Complications
The period during which the brain remains without oxygen and food greatly affects the results and complications after saving the patient's life, and complications also occur in the function of the area affected by ischemia, and among the complications that can occur are the following:
Paralysis in one part of the body or loss of the ability to control a group of muscles in the body, for example loss of the ability to control the muscles of a part of the face or arm muscles, and physical therapy can help the patient to overcome this problem to carry out vital activities for life such as walking and eating. Difficulty speaking, swallowing, or understanding, a speech and language therapists can help with this condition. Emotional problems. A person who has had a stroke can be psychologically affected by this accident and may become depressed as well.
Cerebral stroke recurs
Treatment of stroke
Treatment for stroke depends on the type of stroke. Is it an obstructive clot and is the most common or a hemorrhagic clot? In both cases, emergency treatments are provided; Because stroke of all kinds is an emergency situation that requires urgent treatment.
Treating obstructive stroke
The doctor begins by administering clot-dissolving drugs such as warfarin (in the first three hours of its occurrence if it is given intravenously, and the earlier the timing, the better the results in saving the patient, and reducing the complications that he may face, and aspirin is given in emergency quickly to reduce the possibility of another stroke. Because it prevents clots from forming, and some patients respond to intravenous injection of intravenous injection of tissue plasminogen activator) and these injections work to dissolve the clot, and the doctor can remove the clot manually, and there are other methods.
Treatment of hemorrhagic stroke
As for the treatment of hemorrhagic cerebral thrombosis; It depends on reducing bleeding and reducing the pressure caused by bleeding on the brain by giving drugs to reduce brain pressure and blood pressure. To prevent spasms or vasoconstrictions in the brain. When the bleeding stops, supportive medical care is provided until the blood is absorbed by the body, healing takes place and the blood is absorbed, and the blood is absorbed in the case of bruising in the body. If the bleeding is severe and the bleeding area is large, the doctor may have to use surgical methods to remove the blood and relieve pressure on the brain.
protection
The prevention of strokes is important for all people, but more so for people who have previously had a transient stroke, or even obstructive or hemorrhagic thrombosis, and for people with various heart diseases, significantly high blood pressure, and an increase in the level of body fat or obese. There are several things that a person must do to prevent a stroke, including:
Control of high blood pressure.
Control of high cholesterol in the blood.
Stop drinking tobacco and its derivatives, and alcoholic beverages.
Exercising regularly and increasing the physical activity of the body.
Eat healthy food. And the doctor may prescribe blood thinners for a person who may have had a stroke, or had previously gone through a stroke, although it is not possible to predict the occurrence of a stroke, but changing the lifestyle is very important to avoid stroke.
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