Burns and their types Burns are considered one of the most common household injuries, especially in children, and burns are not limited to the pain and stinging sensation associated with them but can cause severe damage to the skin and skin, which causes the death of skin cells in the affected area. Although severe burns may need to take emergency measures to prevent complications, in most cases, burns are recovered without complications, taking into account the degree of the burn and the cause. Burns are divided into three main types, depending on the degree of damage to the skin and skin: First-degree burns, which are the mildest damage, second-degree burns, and third-degree burns, which are the most damaging types of burns.
Second-degree burns and their symptoms A second-degree burn is considered if the layer of skin called the epidermis and part of the dermis is affected by it, and second-degree burns are also called partial-thickness burns. It is worth noting that the symptoms differ from one patient to another, and they may also be similar to the symptoms of other health problems, and the most important and common of these symptoms are:
Bubbles, or blisters, form on the skin. Dark redness. The burn area appears moist and shiny. Feeling of pain when touching the skin. The burn area is white or stained
Causes of second-degree burns are among the most important causes of second-degree burns:
Injuries from hot or boiling liquids. Injuries caused by flame or fire. Rubbing against the skin with something hot for a while. Sunburn. Chemicals. Electricity. Treatment of second-degree burns The treatment varies according to the severity of the burn, and the treatment of second-degree burns has been classified into the following: Treatment of minor burns in cases where the diameter of the affected area does not exceed 7.62 cm; A burn is treated as a simple burn and is treated as follows:
Cooling the affected area: To relieve the pain by placing the affected area under cold, running water for a period of ten to fifteen minutes, or by dipping a clean, damp cloth in cold water and placing it on the affected area. Removing narrow parts: such as rings, etc., and must be done gently before the area swells. Not to open blisters and blisters: Gently wash the affected area with soap and water in cases where the blisters open, use a suitable antibiotic and cover the affected area with gauze and non-stick bandages. Use moisturizing materials for the affected area: such as solutions and lotions that contain aloe vera; As it may contribute to comfort at times. Use analgesics when needed: Painkillers that contain ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, and acetaminophen can be used if needed. Taking a tetanus vaccine: it is necessary to make sure that the person has a tetanus vaccine, as doctors advise taking it every ten years.
Treating large burns Second-degree burns are considered major burns if the diameter of the affected area is greater than 7.62 cm, or when the burn covers the hands, feet, face, thigh, buttocks, or any large joint. Emergency medical assistance should be sought, and until it arrives, the following measures must be taken:
Protecting the injured from further damage to him: it must be ensured that the victim does not come into contact with the burning materials, smoke, and heat, and it is worth noting that the clothes stuck to the skin should not be removed. Ensure that there are signs of blood circulation: such as breathing, coughing, and movement. And CPR should be started in cases that require it. Not dipping large burns in cold water: to prevent a loss of body heat, a drop in pressure, and a decrease in blood supply. Elevating the affected area: It is preferable to raise the burned area to a level higher than the level of the heart if possible. Cover the affected area: by using a cool, damp pad, or by using a clean cloth. Complications of second-degree burns are the following:
Infection: The skin acts as a buffer that protects the body from any external infection, but this barrier may be damaged and broken as a result of burning, and thick, vascular scars may form in cases of severe burns, which leads to the formation of an appropriate environment for bacterial growth, in addition to the difficulty of accessing antibiotics And antibodies to the site of infection from these scars. Shock to the body: The shock may be due to hypothermia or as a result of low blood volume; The regulation of fluid loss and the regulation of body temperature is among the important functions of the skin, and when a large area of skin is burned, the chance of a decrease in blood volume increases, and the victim will be exposed to shock as a result, and severe injuries and trauma may increase the likelihood of hypothermia. This, in turn, raises the possibility of death if the patient suffers from lactic acidosis, coagulopathy, and exacerbation of wounds The occurrence of swelling and a decrease in the blood flow to the affected tissues can cause the transformation of partial-thickness burns to full-thickness burns
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